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Prelims 2021 · Q51 · Sustainable practices

How is permaculture farming different from conventional chemical farming?

  1. 1.Permaculture farming discourages monocultural practices but in conventional chemical farming, monoculture practices are predominant.
  2. 2.Conventional chemical farming can cause increase in soil salinity but the occurrence of such phenomenon is not observed in permaculture farming.
  3. 3.Conventional chemical farming is easily possible in semi-arid regions but permaculture farming is not so easily possible in such regions.
  4. 4.Practice of mulching is very important in permaculture farming but not necessarily so in conventional chemical farming.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

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Answer: B. Statement 1 is correct: permaculture uses many crops together, while chemical farming relies on monoculture. Statement 2 is correct: heavy fertilisers and irrigation in chemical farming can raise soil salinity. Statement 3 is wrong: permaculture is actually suited to dry and semi-arid areas. Statement 4 is correct: mulching is central to permaculture. So 1, 2 and 4.

Watch for: Students assume traditional or organic methods struggle in dry regions; permaculture is designed for them.

Why the other options are wrong
  • A. Wrong because permaculture works well in semi-arid regions.
  • C. Wrong because statements 1 and 2 are also correct.
  • D. Wrong because statement 3 is false.

Source to check: FAO resources on permaculture and agroecology; Bill Mollison, Permaculture: A Designers' Manual

Answer from the official UPSC key. Written and fact-checked by AI against the official key. Spotted a mistake? Report it.