'X' was addressing a seminar on the meaning of the term 'law' as provided under Article 13, Part III of the Constitution of India. 'X' explained that the meaning of the term 'law' in the Constitution of India was very comprehensive. It included ordinances, orders and even rules and regulations. 'Y' pointed out that the term 'law' in Article 13 also included custom or usage having in the territory of India the force of law, to which 'X' was not convinced.
Based on the above, select the correct conclusion from the options given below :
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Answer: D. Article 13(3)(a) defines 'law' to include any Ordinance, order, bye-law, rule, regulation, notification, and custom or usage having the force of law in India. So Y is right that custom is included. X was right about ordinances and rules but wrong to reject custom, so X's overall view is incomplete. Only Y's view is fully correct.
Watch for: X said many correct things, so students pick 'both correct' without noticing X rejected custom.
Why the other options are wrong
- A. Wrong because Article 13(3)(a) expressly includes custom or usage.
- B. Wrong because custom having the force of law is part of the definition.
- C. Wrong because X rejected the inclusion of custom, which is incorrect.
Source to check: Constitution of India, Article 13(3)(a)
Answer from the provisional UPSC key; it may change when the final key is out. Written and fact-checked by AI against the official key. Spotted a mistake? Report it.